Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42313510›Full record

ArticleMicrobiologyOpen2026

Antibiotic Resistance and Biofilm Gene Distribution in Colistin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Zainab Amer Hatem, Fadhela Nafaa Kafe, Farkad Hawas Musa, Sarah F Al-Taie, Nabaa Hisham Ateya, Leqaa Majeed Aziz, Erta Rajabi, Raad N Hasan

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In one paragraph

Article in MicrobiologyOpen, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zainab Amer HatemDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Diyala, Baqubah, Iraq.
Fadhela Nafaa KafeMedical Laboratory Techniques Department, College of Health and Medical Technology, University of Al-Maarif, Anbar, Iraq.
Farkad Hawas MusaDepartment of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Iraq.
Sarah F Al-TaieDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Nabaa Hisham AteyaBiotechnology Department, College of Applied Science, Fallujah University, Fallujah, Iraq.
Leqaa Majeed AzizCollege of Medicine, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq.
Erta RajabiFaculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0009-0001-8061-5675
Raad N HasanBiotechnology and Environmental Center, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii, a multidrug-resistant opportunistic bacterium, poses a substantial hazard in hospital settings. The emergence of colistin- and tigecycline-resistant strains further limits treatment options and necessitates detailed investigation of resistance mechanisms. A total of 144 clinical A. baumannii isolates from multiple hospitals in Iran were identified using standard microbiological and molecular techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed using both disk diffusion and broth microdilution techniques. Biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining. Resistance and biofilm-related genes were detected by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The expression of key resistance genes (pmrA, pmrB, adeB, adeJ, and adeG) was evaluated by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in resistant isolates, and MLST was performed to determine the genetic relatedness among tigecycline- and colistin-resistant isolates. Resistance to colistin and tigecycline was observed in 3 (2.08%) and 2 (1.4%) isolates, respectively, and 90.9% of the isolates were biofilm producers, with higher odds of strong biofilm formation significantly correlating with the presence of bla

Indexed as

Acinetobacter baumanniiAnti-Bacterial AgentsBiofilmsColistinDrug Resistance, BacterialAcinetobacter InfectionsBacterial ProteinsHumansIranMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMinocyclineMultilocus Sequence TypingTigecyclineAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial ProteinsColistinMinocyclineTigecyclineAcinetobacter baumanniiantibiotic resistancebiofilmcolistinoxacillinase

Identifiers

PMID42313510
PMCPMC13277746

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.