ArticleInfection2026
Epidemiological trends of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections in Catalonia, 2022-2024: a two-year analysis.
Article in Infection, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
32 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesInvasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections resurged across Europe in late 2022. We aimed to describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and outcomes of iGAS in Catalonia over two epidemic seasons (2022/23 and 2023/24), and to identify risk factors associated with mortality.
methodsA prospective study was conducted including all confirmed iGAS cases reported to the Microbiological Reporting System of Catalonia between October 2022 and October 2024. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected from medical files and incidence rates (IRs) calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess risk factors associated with mortality.
resultsA total of 589 laboratory-confirmed iGAS cases were included; 416 cases (70.6%) from 2022/23 season, and 173 (29.4%) from 2023/24. The overall IR decreased from 5.3 to 2.2 cases per 100,000 population (p < 0.001). In 2022/23, incidence was higher in children (0-14 years) than in adults (9.8 vs. 4.6 per 100,000; p < 0.001), whereas this pattern reversed in 2023/24 (1.7 vs. 2.3; p = 0.028). Pleural empyema predominated in children, while skin and soft tissue infections with bacteraemia in adults. Respiratory viral coinfections were more common in children than in adults (47.1% vs. 10.8%; p < 0.001). Overall, 97.3% of patients were hospitalized, and 26.9% required intensive care (33.3% in children vs. 25.2% in adults; p = 0.08). Overall mortality was 11.3% (12.9% in adults and 5.8% in children: p < 0.05). Multivariable analyses showed age, respiratory viral coinfections, chronic renal disease, and intensive care unit admission independently associated with mortality.
conclusionsThe decline in iGAS incidence in 2023/24 was accompanied by a shift in age distribution and a reduction in respiratory viral coinfections, suggesting a return toward pre-pandemic epidemiological patterns. Further research is needed to clarify pathogenic mechanisms and outcome determinants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.