ReviewMolecular biology reports2026
From a membrane-lytic toxin to a programmable therapeutic module: exposure control and detoxified delivery strategies for translating melittin into antitumor therapy.
Review in Molecular biology reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
Melittin, the major membrane-active peptide of bee venom, exhibits potent antitumor activity but is limited by hemolysis, nonspecific cytotoxicity, and immunogenic risk caused by uncontrolled systemic exposure. This review reframes melittin translation as an exposure-control problem and summarizes detoxification-oriented strategies, including nanocarrier shielding, tumor enrichment, activatable prodrugs, cell membrane-biomimetic systems, and nanosponge-based detoxification. We propose a three-layer framework-systemic shielding, tumor enrichment, and conditional activation-to localize melittin activity while reducing systemic toxicity. Key translational priorities include quantitative hemolysis thresholds, serum leakage assessment, repeat-dose immunogenicity, and manufacturing robustness. Standardized exposure-control design, rather than further enhancement of lytic potency, is essential for advancing melittin toward antitumor therapy.
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Registered trials
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