Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42313269›Full record

ArticleArchives of women's mental health2026

Mothers' parenting stress and depression during infancy predicts parenting self-efficacy and media emotion regulation two years later.

Hailey G Holmgren, Ashley M Fraser, Chris L Porter, Megan Gale, Laura Stockdale, Cortney Evans-Stout

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Article in Archives of women's mental health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Hailey G HolmgrenSchool of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA. hailey_holmgren@byu.edu.
Ashley M FraserSchool of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
Chris L PorterSchool of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
Megan GaleUtah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
Laura StockdaleSchool of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
Cortney Evans-StoutSchool of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe transition to motherhood is characterized by increased stress and changes in coping behaviors, yet limited research has examined how different dimensions of parenting stress relate to maternal functioning and media use over time. Guided by the ABC-X model of family stress, this study examined longitudinal associations between parenting stress, maternal depressive symptoms, parenting self-efficacy (PSE), and media coping behaviors.

methodsLongitudinal data were collected from 439 mothers across three yearly waves. Parenting stress was measured at Time 1, maternal depression at Times 1 and 2, and parenting efficacy at Times 1 and 3. Health app use was assessed via passive-sensing data, and mothers reported their use of media for emotion regulation at Time 3. Path analyses tested direct associations and moderation by maternal depressive symptoms, controlling for baseline PSE, depressive symptoms, household income, and frequency of cell phone checking at Time 1.

resultsParental distress at Time 1 predicted lower PSE and greater media emotion regulation at Time 3. Maternal depressive symptoms further moderated these associations in distinct ways across outcomes. For media emotion regulation, difficult-child stress was associated with lower use only at higher levels of depressive symptoms. For PSE, depressive symptoms weakened the negative association between parent-child dysfunctional interaction and PSE, with stronger associations at lower levels of depression. No consistent associations emerged for health app use.

conclusionsParental distress is a key predictor of maternal functioning, while other stress dimensions show context-dependent associations. Findings highlight the importance of distinguishing stress types and considering maternal emotional context when examining coping and adjustment.

Indexed as

DepressionEmotional RegulationMothersParentingSelf EfficacyStress, PsychologicalAdaptation, PsychologicalAdultCoping SkillsDigital MediaFemaleHumansInfantLongitudinal StudiesMother-Child RelationsHealth app useMaternal depressionMedia emotion regulationParenting self-efficacyParenting stress

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