ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2026
Causes of Reduced Vision in Australian Children.
Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo determine the prevalence and causes of reduced vision in childhood.
methodsCross-sectional analysis included five cohorts aged; 3-5 years old (n = 986) from the Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study (SPEDS), 6 years (n = 1739) and 12 years (n = 2345) from the Sydney Myopia Study (SMS) and the 5 year follow-up of SMS at 12 years (n = 1111) and 17 years (n = 1649) in the Sydney Adolescent and Vascular Eye disease Study (SAVES). All children had a comprehensive ocular examination, including visual acuity (VA) with and without refractive correction. Reduced uncorrected VA was defined as worse than 6/12 (logMAR 0.30). A longitudinal analysis was also conducted to identify incident cases of reduced vision between SMS baseline and SAVES follow-up among children assessed at both time points.
resultsThe overall prevalence of reduced vision based on unaided visual acuity increased with age from 4.5% in SPEDS 3-5 year olds to 17.7% in SAVES 17 year olds (p < 0.001). The proportion of reduced vision caused by refractive error, amblyopia, strabismus and pathology also varied between cohorts. In the younger cohorts, amblyopia accounted for 21% of SPEDS 3-5 year olds and 28% of SMS 6 year olds with reduced vision. There was a substantial decline in the proportion of reduced vision attributed to amblyopia in the older cohorts, while refractive error increased. Myopia contributed to 18% of children with reduced vision in SPEDS 3-5 years and SMS 6-year-olds and increased to over 80% in SMS 12-year-olds, SAVES 12-year-olds and 17-year-olds.
conclusionsTargeted preschool screening for amblyopia is supported as it occupied a higher proportion of the younger ages. Community education to promote wearing glasses in adolescence for those with myopia is warranted.
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