Trial reportJournal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR2026
Optimization and Device-Level Validation of the i-Phagia Surface Electromyography Submental Sensor Patch for Swallowing Monitoring: A Randomized Crossover Design Study.
Trial report in Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Characterizing Submental Neuromuscular Activity of Swallowing Rehabilitation: An Electromyographic Evaluation of Rehabilitative Maneuvers in Healthy Adults.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2026Trial
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSurface electromyography (sEMG) is a promising biofeedback method for swallowing intervention. Current sensors are either costly rigid platforms or short-lived wearables. We developed a second-generation flexible wearable sEMG patch (i-Phagia) designed to record submental muscle activity. This study validated the signal quality and preclinical performance of i-Phagia against conventional sensors in two age groups.
methodA randomized crossover study involved 30 young (17 women, 13 men; aged 18-29 years) and 30 older healthy adults (17 women, 13 men; aged 50-82 years). Participants completed liquid and semisolid swallows under two conditions: with i-Phagia sensors and with conventional sensors, in a counterbalanced order. Comparisons focused on signal-based factors (signal-to-noise ratio [SNR], baseline amplitude, and normalized mean sEMG amplitude), as well as safety, satisfaction, and placement efficiency. SNR and baseline amplitude were examined with linear mixed models and equivalence tests; Pearson correlations were used to analyze normalized mean sEMG amplitude. Safety/adverse effects were assessed with descriptive statistics, while satisfaction and efficiency were analyzed with linear mixed models.
resultsSNR values were equivalent between sensor types (effect size: -0.0178; confidence interval [CI] [-0.2226, 0.2004]); however, the i-Phagia patch showed significantly lower baseline amplitude than conventional sensors (effect size: 0.48; CI [0.3144, 0.6422]), indicating better signal quality. High correlations (
conclusionsThe optimized i-Phagia patch is safe, provides signal quality comparable to conventional sensors, and shows advantages in user satisfaction and placement efficiency. These findings support its feasibility for future clinical testing as a wearable sEMG option for swallowing rehabilitation. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.32608575.
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