ArticleDrug testing and analysis2026
Identification of Synthetic Urine by Analysis of Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios and Comparison to Established GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS Analysis.
Article in Drug testing and analysis, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Identification of Synthetic Urine by Analysis of Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios and Comparison to Established GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS Analysis.Drug testing and analysis · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Manipulation of urine samples is a recurring issue in doping control and forensic analyses, for instance through the use of synthetic urine products designed to mimic human urine. This study evaluated analytical approaches for identifying synthetic urine and mixtures of synthetic and authentic urine: gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) for analysis of endogenous urinary steroids, elemental analyzer isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) of carbon and nitrogen, and urea-nitrogen compared to an established liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method incorporating synthetic urine markers. All methods correctly identified synthetic urine in a double-blind sample set. As an initial testing procedure in doping control, GC-MS/MS identified synthetic urine samples through absence of endogenous steroids. However, EA-IRMS was superior to MS/MS methods in identifying mixtures of synthetic and authentic urine. Synthetic urine isotope ratios of total urinary carbon and nitrogen and/or urea nitrogen (δ
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