ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026
Combined Thermodynamic-Electrochemical Understandings of Non-Flammable Electrolyte for High-Nickel Lithium Batteries.
Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The high flammability of high-energy-density lithium batteries remains a critical safety challenge, while the low reduction potential and high cost of conventional flame-retardant materials limit their practical use. Here, we report a synergistic design strategy for non-flammable and fluorine electrolyte additive combinations that stabilize high-nickel layered cathodes and enable both high energy density and safety. Through a systematic additive screening and thermodynamic analysis based on Gibbs free energy-derived reduction potentials of P2PFS (4,4'-(propane-2,2-diyl) bis (4,1-phenylene) disulfo- fluoridate) and related species, we identified additive interactions that suppress exothermic decomposition of carbonate electrolytes. The optimized electrolyte exhibited near non-flammability, significantly improved cycle retention (83% after 200 cycles at 0.3 C), and enhanced interfacial robustness, as confirmed by XPS and TEM analyses. Moreover, 1 Ah-level Li (Ni
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