ArticlePsychological medicine2026
The developmental shift in aperiodic activity and its link to the default mode network in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Article in Psychological medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves altered neurodevelopment, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Aperiodic EEG components may reflect neural functions like excitatory/inhibitory balance, but their age-related differences in ADHD and link to default mode network (DMN) dysfunction are unexplored.
methodsWe included 110 medication-naïve children/adolescents with ADHD and 100 matched typically developing peers aged 6-14 years. Aperiodic parameters (exponent, offset) were derived, and source-localized alpha-band DMN coherence was computed. The sample was stratified into middle childhood (6-9 years) and early adolescence (10-14 years) subgroups to delineate age-dependent patterns.
resultsADHD showed globally increased exponent and offset versus controls. Normative age-related decreases were significantly attenuated in ADHD, indicating divergence from typical development. Age-stratified analyses revealed distinct patterns: in middle childhood, increased frontal offset correlated positively with inattention (right hemisphere) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (left hemisphere); in early adolescence, it associated with reduced coherence in two DMN pathways (right mSFG-left hippocampus and left mSFG-right MTG).
conclusionsAperiodic activity differences in ADHD are age-dependent. Younger children exhibit focal, symptom-linked frontal abnormalities, whereas adolescents show pervasive network-level dysregulation. Aperiodic measures may capture age-varying ADHD pathophysiology, informing developmentally targeted biomarkers.
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