Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42312209›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2026

Stress-induced IL-6 regulation in pediatric bone growth disorders: current insights and therapeutic strategies.

Zaineb Sohail, Norhayati Binti Abd Hadi, Azizur Rehman, Muhammad Asghar, Farasat Zaman

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Zaineb SohailFaculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin - UniSZA, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Norhayati Binti Abd HadiFaculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin - UniSZA, Terengganu, Malaysia.
Azizur RehmanTrustlife Laboratories, Drug Research & Development Center, Istanbul, Türkiye.
Muhammad AsgharDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences & Technology, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan.
Farasat ZamanFaculties of Rehabilitation & Allied Health Sciences, Health & Medical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Stress-induced upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling and its downstream pathophysiological consequences have garnered considerable attention in recent years. However, no comprehensive review has specifically examined the association between stress-induced IL-6 and its implications for bone health in children. During childhood, linear growth and peak bone mass acquisition are tightly regulated processes. Hence, this review aims to investigate current evidence on stress-induced IL-6 upregulation and its detrimental effects on pediatric bone health. Findings from animal models, knockout studies, pediatric inflammatory disorders, including juvenile idiopathic arthritis, pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus and inflammatory bowel disease, and models of metabolic stress collectively demonstrate that stress triggers IL-6, thereby impairing skeletal growth and increasing fragility. Data shows that persistent IL-6 upregulation not only disrupts the normal functioning of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis, enhances receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclastogenesis, and promotes bone marrow adiposity. Further, stress-induced high levels of IL-6 adversely affect the skeletal, immune, and endocrine systems, thereby compromising skeletal development and bone growth in children. Elevated systemic or local IL-6 levels may exert direct deleterious effects on bone by impairing stem cell differentiation and inhibiting the proliferation and maturation of growth plate chondrocytes, ultimately restricting longitudinal bone growth. Moreover, elevated IL-6 levels may also impair muscle health and crosstalk between muscle and bone, thereby compromising skeletal integrity. Collectively, these findings underscore the need for integrative therapeutic strategies that target inflammation and redox imbalance in bone and other tissues, particularly in children. Better understanding stress-induced IL-6 dysregulation is critical for pediatric bone development and long-term skeletal health.

Indexed as

Bone DevelopmentBone Diseases, DevelopmentalGrowth DisordersInterleukin-6Stress, PhysiologicalAnimalsChildHumansInterleukin-6BMIbone growthchildrendietIL-6inflammationnutritionstress

Identifiers

PMID42312209
PMCPMC13268905

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.