ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Lipids and glucose fluctuations are associated with clinically diagnosed depression in older adults with type 2 diabetes.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently occurs in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), amplifying the overall disease burden. While lipid and glucose fluctuations have been suggested as contributors to MDD, their precise roles in clinically diagnosed secondary depression require further elucidation. This study aimed to identify key indicators related to lipids and glycemic levels associated with depression in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 145 hospitalized T2D patients aged 60 years or older, including 86 with MDD and 59 without MDD. We gathered information on their lipid profiles (e.g., total cholesterol [TC], apolipoprotein B [ApoB]) and glucose fluctuations (e.g., standard deviation of blood glucose [SDBG], low blood glucose index [LBGI], time in range [TIR]) using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors independently associated with clinically diagnosed depression. Results: The prevalence of comorbid MDD among hospitalized older adults with T2D was 59.31% (86/145). Correlation analysis demonstrated significant associations between glycemic variability, lipid parameters, and psychological measures. In multivariable logistic regression, ApoB (OR = 15.311, 95% CI 2.688, 1on,le p = 0.002), SDBG (OR = 1.409, 95% CI 1.121= 1on,l p = 0.003), and LBGI (OR = 1.327, 95% CI 1.101= 1on,l p = 0.003) remained independently associated with comorbid MDD. Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of comorbid MDD among hospitalized older T2D patients was 59.31% (86/145). Abnormal lipid levels and glucose fluctuations are strongly associated with MDD in older T2D patients. ApoB, SDBG, and LBGI may serve as potential clinical markers associated with comorbid MDD. Further larger prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings and inform clinical management.
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