ArticleFrontiers in surgery2026
Three-dimensional correction of cubitus varus deformity using patient-specific 3D-printed osteotomy guides.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Various three-dimensional (3D) corrective osteotomy techniques have been reported for the treatment of cubitus varus deformity. However, achieving accurate correction through a limited lateral incision remains technically challenging. This study introduces a method for accurate 3D osteotomy of cubitus varus deformity using a limited lateral incision. Methods: Five patients (2 males and 3 females) with cubitus varus deformity following supracondylar fracture underwent 3D corrective osteotomy using 3D-printed, patient-specific osteotomy templates, along with custom location and reduction guides, between August 2022 and January 2025. These cases were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical outcomes assessed included pre- and postoperative carrying angles, operative time, elbow joint function, intraoperative blood loss, degree of osteotomy, time to bone union, and postoperative complications. Results: The mean carrying angle on the affected side improved significantly from -15.74° ± 6.58° (varus) preoperatively to 7.77° ± 3.94° (valgus) postoperatively. The mean tilting angle improved from 54.8° ± 7.40° to 51.4° ± 2.33°. Elbow range of motion normalized in all patients, with a mean increase in flexion angle of 24° ± 8° (range: 15°-35°). Hyperextension of the elbow and internal rotation of the shoulder were also corrected. Bone union was achieved at a mean of 2.6 ± 0.49 months (range: 2-3 months). The average operative time was 139.6 ± 22.26 min (range: 116-175 min), and mean intraoperative blood loss was 42 ± 31.87 mL (range: 10-100 mL). The mean correction angle achieved through osteotomy was 23.51° ± 8.79° (range: 12.43°-33.43°). According to the Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI), all five patients achieved excellent outcomes at the final follow-up (mean: 21.6 ± 4.8 months), with no reports of poor results, recurrence of varus deformity, or wound-related complications. One patient exhibited transient ulnar nerve symptoms postoperatively. No patients reported prominence of the lateral humerus. Conclusion: The use of a 3D-printed, patient-specific osteotomy guide combined with custom location and reduction templates enables safe, accurate, and reproducible 3D correction of cubitus varus deformity through a small lateral incision. This surgical technique, grounded in 3D computer simulation, reduces variability between surgeons and may represent a viable therapeutic option for the correction of cubitus varus deformity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.