Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42311298›Full record

ArticleBiomedical optics express2026

End-to-end hardware modeling and sensitivity optimization of photoacoustic signal readout chains.

Weiran Yang, Yiqi Cai, Guangyu Zeng, Ming-Yuan Liu, Handi Deng, Cheng Ma

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Article in Biomedical optics express, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Weiran YangDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1793-487X
Yiqi CaiCollege of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, China.
Guangyu ZengWeiyang College, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Ming-Yuan LiuDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China.
Handi DengDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
Cheng MaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Photoacoustic imaging critically depends on the sensitivity of its acoustic readout chain, yet system-level optimization beyond the transducer remains insufficiently understood. Here, we present an end-to-end hardware model for photoacoustic signal readout chains by analytically rederiving the Krimholtz, Leedom, and Matthaei (KLM) model and extending it to include cable parasitics and complex receiver impedance. The model reveals how element area (EA), cable length (CL), and receiver impedance (RI) jointly govern detection sensitivity, bandwidth, and signal-to-noise ratio, which is validated experimentally with errors below 5%. Beyond sensitivity optimization, the model also provides insight into waveform distortion mechanisms in practical systems, identifying radial resonance as the source of low-frequency ringing artifacts. This work provides a practical theoretical framework for sensitivity optimization and artifact-aware design in photoacoustic systems.

Identifiers

PMID42311298
PMCPMC13271252

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.