SynthesisNursing open2026
Quality of Primary Healthcare Services in Kazakhstan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Patient-Centred Outcomes and Implications for Nursing Practice and Policy.
Synthesis in Nursing open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsTo systematically evaluate the quality, accessibility and patient-centred performance of primary healthcare services in Kazakhstan and to generate pooled quantitative estimates of key patient-centred and system-level outcomes, with specific attention to their implications for primary healthcare nursing practice, nurse-led quality improvement and nursing policy.
designSystematic review and meta-analysis conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. DATA SOURCES: Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed were systematically searched for eligible studies published between January 2015 and December 2025. REVIEW
methodsObservational, cross-sectional, mixed-methods and interventional studies assessing PHC quality domains in Kazakhstan were included. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data and assessed methodological quality using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal tools for observational studies and the Cochrane RoB 2 tool for the cluster-randomized trial. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for (1) patient-centred outcomes and (2) system-level PHC performance indicators. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed using the I
resultsEight studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. Four studies contributed data on patient-centred outcomes, yielding a pooled patient satisfaction proportion of 0.56 (95% CI: 0.53-0.59; I
conclusionThis systematic review and meta-analysis provides the first consolidated quantitative assessment of PHC quality in Kazakhstan. While patient satisfaction and system-level performance appear moderate, substantial heterogeneity and regional disparities remain. Strengthening PHC quality will require standardized performance indicators, enhanced digital health integration and targeted interventions to reduce urban-rural inequalities. IMPACT: The findings of this study have important implications for clinical nursing practice and healthcare management. Given the central role of primary healthcare nurses in patient communication, care coordination, chronic disease monitoring, and preventive services, the identified gaps in patient satisfaction and system-level performance highlight key areas for nursing-led improvement. Enhancing nurse involvement in patient education, continuity of care, and service accessibility may contribute to improved patient experiences and health outcomes. These findings support the need for strengthening nursing capacity, expanding nurse-led models of care and integrating nursing perspectives into PHC quality improvement strategies within Kazakhstan's evolving healthcare system. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Not applicable.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.