Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42310457›Full record

ArticleNature2026

Towards autonomous medical artificial intelligence agents.

Dyke Ferber, Lars Hilgers, Christiane Höper, Benedict Kinny-Köster, Jan-Niklas Eckardt, Katharina Egger-Heidrich, Marius Bill, Martin M K Schneider, Jan Clusmann, Lejla Kadric and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Dyke FerberDepartment of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Lars HilgersElse Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Christiane HöperElse Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Benedict Kinny-KösterDepartment of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Jan-Niklas EckardtElse Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Katharina Egger-HeidrichDepartment of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.
Marius BillDepartment of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1175-2406
Martin M K SchneiderDepartment of Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5501-4050
Jan ClusmannElse Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2925-8438
Lejla KadricDepartment of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Marcel OehmeDepartment of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Maximilian Mayrhofer-SchmidDepartment of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Center Ludwigshafen, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2184-8337
Alexander OeserInnovation Center Computer Assisted Surgery (ICCAS), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
Georg WölfleinElse Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0407-7617
Isabella C WiestElse Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
Jan Moritz MiddekeElse Kroener Fresenius Center for Digital Health, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
A John IafrateDepartment of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Daniel TruhnDepartment of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-0728
Dirk JägerDepartment of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1276-7802
Jakob Nikolas KatherDepartment of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. jakob.kather@med.uni-heidelberg.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-5348

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Large language models (LLMs) show great potential for clinical decision-making, yet most applications remain narrow, task-specific chat tools rather than systems integrated into clinical workflows

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceClinical Decision-MakingElectronic Health RecordsGenerative Artificial IntelligenceHumansLarge Language ModelsPhysicians

Identifiers

PMID42310457
PMCPMC13421332

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.