ArticleScientific reports2026
Biotransformation of common NSAIDs by Cunninghamella species and resulting metabolite toxicity.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBU), and ketoprofen (KET) are commonly found in the environment and pose potential toxicological risks. This study investigates the microbial biotransformation of these NSAIDs by Cunninghamella spp. and evaluates the toxicity of the Cunninghamella-processed samples. The results demonstrate that Cunninghamella efficiently biotransformed DCF and IBU into multiple metabolites, whereas the biotransformation of KET was negligible. Microbial treatment reduced the ecotoxicity of IBU and DCF, as confirmed by Microtox
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