Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42310007›Full record

ArticleMicrosystems & nanoengineering2026

Batch-fabrication of all-dielectric vapor cells enabling optically addressed Rydberg atom electrometry.

Alexandra B Artusio-Glimpse, Adil Meraki, Hunter Shillingburg, Guy Lavallee, Miao Liu, Chad Eichfeld, Nikunjkumar Prajapat, Matthew T Simons, Glenn Holland, Christopher L Holloway and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Microsystems & nanoengineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Alexandra B Artusio-GlimpseElectromagnetic Fields Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, 80305, CO, USA. alexandra.artusio-glimpse@nist.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8289-2393
Adil MerakiElectromagnetic Fields Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, 80305, CO, USA.
Hunter ShillingburgElectrical Engineering and Computer Science, Penn State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
Guy LavalleeMaterials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
Miao LiuMaterials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
Chad EichfeldMaterials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA.
Nikunjkumar PrajapatElectromagnetic Fields Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, 80305, CO, USA.
Matthew T SimonsElectromagnetic Fields Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, 80305, CO, USA.
Glenn HollandMicrosystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, 20899, MD, USA.
Christopher L HollowayElectromagnetic Fields Group, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, 80305, CO, USA.
Vladimir A AksyukMicrosystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, 20899, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9653-4722
Daniel LopezElectrical Engineering and Computer Science, Penn State University, University Park, 16802, PA, USA. dlopez@psu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-4013

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Millimeter-scale atomic vapor cells can be accurately and economically batch-fabricated by anodically bonding silicon and glass wafers, enabling the manufacturing of miniature atomic clocks and quantum sensors. However, silicon's high dielectric constant and conductive losses at millimeter wave frequencies limit its suitability for Rydberg-atom electrometry, which enables highly sensitive electric-field measurements by exploiting the extreme polarizability of Rydberg states in alkali atoms. To address this, we present an all-glass wafer-level microfabrication process that eliminates silicon, creating hermetically sealed vapor cells that are stable over long timelines with embedded cesium dispensers. Femtosecond laser machining precisely defines the cell geometry, and laser-activated alkali loading ensures reliable filling. We demonstrate long-term vacuum stability and robust Rydberg excitation through electromagnetically induced transparency measurements. We then use these cells to measure a 34 GHz millimeter wave field resonant with the

Identifiers

PMID42310007
PMCPMC13276398

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.