ArticleNature communications2026
Pulsed-electron illumination does not reduce beam damage for imaging biological macromolecules.
Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Radiation damage remains a fundamental limitation in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM), constraining the total electron dose that can be used and thus limiting high-resolution imaging of biological specimens. Recent studies have proposed that temporally structured or pulsed electron beams could reduce radiation damage by allowing time for energy dissipation between individual electron interactions. To evaluate this hypothesis, we present a systematic investigation using a radiofrequency (RF) driven 300 kV Titan Krios microscope equipped with a cold field emission gun (c-FEG) to generate pulsed electron beams for specimens under cryogenic conditions. We compare radiation damage in three representative samples: paraffin 2D crystals, bacteriorhodopsin (purple membrane) 2D crystals, and plunge-frozen tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) in vitreous ice, under both pulsed and conventional ( = random) illumination, while keeping all other imaging conditions constant. Radiation damage is quantified by tracking the decay of computed diffraction intensities to determine the critical dose (N
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