ReviewThe Journal of reproduction and development2026
De-extinction of the Northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni).
Review in The Journal of reproduction and development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
24 authors.
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Abstract
The last survivors of the northern white rhinoceros (NWR, Ceratotherium simum cottoni), once widespread across Central and East Africa, are two non-reproductive females under continuous human protection. In order to prevent the extinction of this white rhinoceros subspecies, the BioRescue consortium founded in 2019 has developed an innovative reproductive biotechnology program. This holistic rescue strategy implements (i) advanced assisted reproductive technologies (aART) including in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer, (ii) stem cell associated techniques (SCAT) for establishing in vitro gametogenesis (IVG), and (iii) a pangenetic rescue strategy (PRS) that uses the full spectrum of genetic diversity still available by incorporating DNA sequence information from the globally available NWR-museum specimens combined with gene editing to enrich the genetic diversity of the future living population. Key milestones of the BioRescue consortium are: 26 non-surgical oocyte collections in NWR followed by in-vitro oocyte maturation and embryo generation, first pregnancy in a southern white rhino (SWR) surrogate after heterologous embryo transfer, establishment of two SWR embryonic stem cell (ESC) lines, NWR induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines derived from somatic tissue, and robust primordial germ cell-like cell (PGCLC) induction as a first step towards IVG. Beyond biological and technical challenges, an essential part of the BioRescue project's operational framework addresses the ethical dimension of this new approach in conservation, ensuring transparency, animal welfare, and societal accountability. This multidisciplinary strategy offers a replicable model in conservation science for rescuing critically endangered or practically extinct species, linking the most advanced reproductive technologies with ethical oversight to safeguard biodiversity.
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