ReviewThe Journal of reproduction and development2026
Update on endogenous retroviruses in cattle placenta.
Review in The Journal of reproduction and development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Beyond a single signal: How can bovine pregnancy be established without IFNT?The Journal of reproduction and development · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are abundant in the bovine genome and have been repeatedly co-opted for placental function, yet their organization and roles in epitheliochorial species remain less well defined than in primates and mice. Here, genomic, transcriptomic, and functional data are combined to provide an updated view of ERVs in the cattle placenta and to frame their contributions in terms of three interacting roles (Roles 1-3). Role 1 comprises structural fusogens, including syncytin-Rum1, BERV-K1/Fematrin-1, and additional trophoblast-biased loci, that support binucleate trophoblast cell fusion and establishment of the synepitheliochorial interface. Genome-wide, BERV-focused UNION intervals cover 3.21% of the ARS-UCD2.0 assembly, whereas RepeatMasker-defined LTR/ERV elements span 4.71%, and these strata are organized into ancient ERVL/ERV1 components and younger ERVK lineages accompanied by long-term decay and soloization. Role 2 encompasses immune-inducible ERV/LTR enhancers-exemplified by MER41_BT and Bov-A2-that recruit STAT1 upon IFNT/IFNG stimulation and can control nearby interferon-pathway genes, together with age-stratified LTR strata enriched for ETS, IRF, GAS, and ISRE motifs, often assembled into multi-factor IFN×ETS modules. Role 3 consists of epigenetic gating and signaling context, illustrated by developmental changes in BERV-K1 promoter methylation, WNT/EMT-responsive BERV-K3, and widespread chromatin-level control of LTR activity in trophoblast and uterine compartments. Together, these roles provide "hardware" (fusogens) and "software" (enhancers and epigenetic switches) for bovine pregnancy. Outstanding questions regarding receptors, lineage-specific motif architectures, and breed-level variation are highlighted, and experimental strategies-integrating genome editing, epigenome profiling, and single-cell approaches-are outlined to test how ERV-derived elements shape implantation, placentome development, and reproductive success in cattle.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.