Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42308378›Full record

ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2026

Piezoionic Interface Engineering Enabled High Energy Density and Suppressed Self-Discharge in Flexible Supercapacitors.

Xin Guo, Xidi Sun, Lulu Li, Yuqiong Sun, Jing Wu, Yukai Zhou, Yongchang Jiang, Wen Cheng, Yi Shi, Lijia Pan

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Xin GuoCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Xidi SunCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Lulu LiCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Yuqiong SunCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Jing WuCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Yukai ZhouCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Yongchang JiangCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Wen ChengSchool of Integrated Circuits, Nanjing University, Suzhou, China.
Yi ShiCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Lijia PanCollaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-7843

Funding

National Key Research and Development program of China 2021YFA1401103National Natural Science Foundation of China 61674078National Natural Science Foundation of China 61825403National Natural Science Foundation of China 61921005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Self-discharge remains a persistent challenge in electrochemical energy storage, especially in interface-dominated flexible supercapacitors, where suppressing charge loss often compromises ion transport and energy density. Here, we report a piezoionic interface engineering strategy that uses mechanical pressure as an active variable to regulate interfacial ion transport and charge relaxation. Guided by the Hofmeister effect, a PVA-based hydrogel electrolyte with tunable piezoionic behavior is developed to generate pressure-induced ionic polarization. Upon compression, improved interfacial conformality drives ions into deeper micropores and promotes the formation of a more compact electric double layer, thereby enhancing capacitance. Meanwhile, the induced polarization field stabilizes interfacial charge distribution and suppresses ion desorption, leading to slower self-discharge. As a result, the flexible supercapacitor achieves an energy density of 112.4 µWh cm

Indexed as

flexible supercapacitorspiezoionic hydrogelsself‐dischargewearable electronics

Identifiers

PMID42308378
PMCPMC13472244

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.