Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42307869›Full record

ArticleHealth care management science2026

Efficient engagement: opportunities for mobile methadone maintenance in geographically underserved areas.

Anthony Bonifonte, Erin Garcia, Sean Soth, Hang Ngo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health care management science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Anthony BonifonteData Analytics Department, Denison University, 100 West College St, Granville, OH, 43023, USA. bonifontea@denison.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3830-3782
Erin GarciaDepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8074-6851
Sean SothEvergreen Treatment Services, Seattle, WA, USA.
Hang NgoData Analytics Department (student), Denison University, Granville, OH, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In 2021 the Drug Enforcement Agency changed regulations to reduce barriers in the registration and operation of mobile methadone clinics for treating opioid use disorder in rural and underserved areas. How these routes might best be operated and how many clients might be served by mobile units are open questions. This work identifies candidate dispensing locations from mobile units in areas that do not have geographic access to a fixed clinic. Optimal routes for mobile methadone are identified by solving a mixed integer program that maximizes the number of clients without access to care that can be served by a mobile route. Ohio is used as a case study state to explore the efficiency of routes leaving from each methadone clinic in the state. The approach is generalized nationwide, and multi-vehicle routes are analyzed. Between 48 and 68 clients can be served by a single vehicle in a day (mean of 60) under default parameter assumptions across Ohio. Similarly, nationwide routes serve a mean of 47.5 clients per day. The second and third vehicle routes from a clinic provide access to an additional 95% and 93% of the clients of single vehicle routes, respectively. The number of servable clients on any route greatly differs based on geography. This work demonstrates the potential value of mobile methadone maintenance in reaching populations without geographic access to a fixed clinic. Additional policy and funding changes are needed to incentivize the operation of mobile methadone units for serving rural and unmet demand.

Indexed as

Health Services AccessibilityMedically Underserved AreaMethadoneMobile Health UnitsOpiate Substitution TreatmentOpioid-Related DisordersHumansOhioMethadoneAccess to careInteger programmingMethadone maintenance treatmentMobile healthOpioid use disorderVehicle routing

Identifiers

PMID42307869
PMCPMC13275589

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.