ArticleBioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy2026
Impact of Repeated Antigen Exposure on Humoral Tolerance: Antidrug Antibodies After Single-Dose Versus Multi-dose Adalimumab.
Article in BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTherapeutic proteins such as adalimumab can elicit an antibody response. How dosing regimens impact immunogenicity remains ill-understood, especially with respect to the frequency of dosing.
objectiveWe aimed to investigate the relationship between single versus multiple adalimumab doses and immunogenicity, in terms of anti-drug antibody production and skewing towards the non-inflammatory immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) subclass.
methodsImmunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, and IgG4 anti-drug antibodies were analyzed in retrospective cohorts of healthy individuals and patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, spondyloarthritis, or psoriasis, receiving one or multiple doses of adalimumab, using optimized drug-tolerant assays, newly developed in the case of IgG4.
resultsA single dose of adalimumab proved highly immunogenic, while repeated dosing, resulting in prolonged exposure to high antigen concentrations, led to attenuation of the anti-drug antibody response. Immunoglobulin G4 anti-drug antibodies developed earlier than previously reported with drug-sensitive assays, appearing as early as week 3, even after a single dose of adalimumab. Skewing towards IgG4 was nevertheless stronger with repeated dosing.
conclusionsRepeated high-dose adalimumab exposure can limit both the magnitude and inflammatory potential of the antibody response. These results highlight drug exposure as a factor modulating the immunogenicity of biologics.
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