ArticleJournal of neurology2026
Spinal cord reserve is associated with multi-dimensional clinical resilience in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveSpinal canal area (SCaA)-a proxy for maximal lifetime spinal cord growth-has recently been associated with concurrent disability and future worsening in multiple sclerosis (MS). Prior studies focused mainly on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). This study evaluates whether SCaA also relates to broader clinical outcomes.
methodsWe performed a retrospective longitudinal study at the Belgian National MS Center. SCaA and spinal cord area (SCoA) were quantified on 714 brain MRI scans from 426 patients with MS using newly developed deep learning models. Two approaches were applied at C2-C3: averaging values across the entire spinal segment (method 1) or across 10 slices centered on the intervertebral disc (method 2). Disability measures included the EDSS, Timed 25‑Foot Walk Test (T25FWT), 9‑Hole Peg Test (9HPT), and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). Associations of SCaA with concurrent disability and longitudinal change were assessed using multivariable regression.
resultsMean SCaA and SCoA were 209.6 ± 32.9 mm
conclusionSmaller SCaA is associated with greater clinical disability and future deterioration across multiple functional domains in MS. Our findings support the emerging concept of spinal cord reserve.
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