Observational studyJournal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute2026
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) / programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in multiple myeloma.
Observational study in Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundThe bone marrow microenvironment in multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by complex immune dysregulation involving multiple inhibitory pathways. Among these, the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis contributes to T-cell dysfunction; However, its isolated role within this multifactorial network remains incompletely defined.
methodsThis prospective observational study performed a cross-sectional immunophenotypic analysis of 39 newly diagnosed MM (NDMM) patients. PD-1 expression on T cells and PD-L1 expression on bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PCs) were assessed using flow cytometry. Associations with clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed using correlation analysis.
resultsPD-L1 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) on PCs showed a positive correlation with BM T-cell percentage (r = 0.350, p = 0.029). PD-1 MFI on T cells correlated with total leukocytic count (TLC) (r = 0.326, p = 0.043). In International Staging System (ISS) stage III patients, PD-L1 expression on PC correlated with T cells% (r = 0.501, p = 0.018) and TLC (r = 0.427, p = 0.047), while PD-1 expression showed a strong positive correlation with TLC (r = 0.676, p = 0.001) and a negative correlation with age (r = - 0.492, p = 0.020). No significant association was observed with treatment response.
conclusionThese findings provide an exploratory description of PD-1/PD-L1 expression patterns within the BM microenvironment in MM. Only in advanced cases according to ISS, PD-L1 expression on PC was linked to BM T cells frequency. PD-1/PD-L1 expression patterns were not linked to treatment response.
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