Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42307663›Full record

ArticleTropical animal health and production2026

Risk factors associated with the occurrence of African swine fever in Benin.

Okri Fréjus Hans Ohouko, Koffi Koudouvo, Nestor Denakpo Noudeke, Henri Banga-Mboko, Hassane Adakal, Souaïbou Farougou, Lamine Baba-Moussa, Victorien Tamègnon Dougnon, Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Tropical animal health and production, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Okri Fréjus Hans OhoukoResearch Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin. ohoukofrjus@yahoo.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8008-6486
Koffi KoudouvoLaboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Centre for Research and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lome, 01 PO Box 1515, Lomé, Togo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3801-7070
Nestor Denakpo NoudekeResearch Unit on Communicable Diseases, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-7076-9339
Henri Banga-MbokoNational High School of Agronomy and Forestry, University Marien Ngouabi, Brazzaville, Congo.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1497-9278
Hassane AdakalDepartment of Livestock Sciences and Techniques (DSTE/FASE), Dan DickoDan Koulodo University, Maradi, Niger.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-6996-5172
Souaïbou FarougouResearch Unit on Communicable Diseases, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-8792
Lamine Baba-MoussaLaboratory of Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-5954
Victorien Tamègnon DougnonResearch Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin. victorien.dougnon@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-7299
Issaka Youssao Abdou KarimLaboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Meat Technology, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 PO Box 2009, Cotonou, Benin.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9591-1664

Funding

Ministry of Higher Education, BENIN Program Appui aux Doctorants-2028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting pigs that cause high mortality and threatens the swine industry. In Benin where the virus was first identified in 1997, epidemiological data remain limited. This study assessed potential factors associated with reported ASF occurrence in pig farms in southern Benin using 42 questions survey administered to 215 pig farms. Data collected followed descriptive and logistic regression analyses. Of the surveyed farms, 100 reported at least one ASF outbreak between 1998 and 2020. Univariate analysis identified several risk factors, including raising local pigs (OR = 2.4), urban farm location (OR = 2.09), purchasing pigs for herd renewal (OR = 1.93), and the presence of ticks (OR = 2.34). Protective factors included farm with a fence (OR = 0.44), gates (OR = 0.53), restricted farm access (OR = 0,5), raising improved pigs (OR = 0.42), confinement system (OR = 0.32), on-site staff (OR = 0.24), and daily slurry collection (OR = 0.45). Multivariate analysis showed that purchasing pigs for herd renewal was the primary risk factor (OR = 3.25), while tick presence on farms (adjusted OR = 2.197) remained positively associated and daily slurry collection (OR = 0.378) was protective. These results indicate that animal introduction practices and farm hygiene are key drivers of ASF risk. Strengthening biosecurity particularly controlling pig purchases and improving sanitation can significantly reduce ASF occurrence in southern Benin.

Indexed as

African Swine FeverAnimal HusbandryDisease OutbreaksAfrican Swine Fever VirusAnimalsBeninLogistic ModelsRisk FactorsSurveys and QuestionnairesSus scrofaSwineAfrican swine feverBeninControlHealthPigsRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID42307663

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.