Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42307147›Full record

ArticleExperimental physiology2026

The impact of statistical choice on variability and error in maximal respiratory mouth pressure testing.

Mitch Lomax, Josh Osofa, Nicola Armstrong, Michael Tipton, Gemma Milligan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Mitch LomaxSchool of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1381-0398
Josh OsofaSchool of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Nicola ArmstrongSchool of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.
Michael TiptonSchool of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7928-8451
Gemma MilliganSchool of Psychology, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK.

Funding

Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Various statistics have been used to assess repeatability and reproducibility of maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressure measurements (PImax and PEmax, respectively). Few studies have examined the impact of rater experience on these values. The aims were to assess: (1) how choice of statistic impacted repeatability of PImax and PEmax; and (2) the impact of rater experience on reproducibility of PImax and PEmax. Thirty-one healthy adult males completed one familiarisation and two experimental visits. The PImax and PEmax were assessed using a hand-held respiratory pressure meter by three raters with different testing experience. The intraclass correlation coefficient, coefficient of variation, standard error of measurement, smallest detectable change and limits of agreement (LoA) were determined across experimental visits for a given rater and between raters to determine repeatability and reproducibility of PImax and PEmax. For PImax and PEmax, the intraclass correlation coefficient was ≥0.97 for reproducibility and 0.89-0.95 repeatability; coefficient of variation was ≤4% for reproducibility and ≤6% for repeatability; standard error of measurement was 6-9 cmH

Indexed as

Maximal Respiratory PressuresMouthAdultExhalationHumansMaleObserver VariationPressureReproducibility of ResultsYoung Adultmaximal expiratory mouth pressuremaximal inspiratory mouth pressuremeasurement errorrepeatabilityreproducibilityrespiratory mouth pressure

Identifiers

PMID42307147
PMCPMC13394207

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.