ArticleAdvanced healthcare materials2026
NIR-Triggered Organic Semiconductor Bulk Heterostructure Nanoparticles Enable Dual-Mechanism Photodynamic Anti-Tumor Therapy.
Article in Advanced healthcare materials, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Low-bandgap non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) predominantly generate a variety of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the type-I photodynamic process, a feature that renders them particularly advantageous for the treatment of hypoxic solid tumors. However, the hypoxic microenvironment typically arises during type-I PDT can upregulate apoptosis-suppressing genes and promote immunosuppression, thereby facilitating tumor cell survival, invasion, and metastasis. To address these limitations, we integrated the charge-transport material PFN-Br with an NFA (H1) to construct bulk heterostructured nanoparticles (H2 (10:1)@NPs). This structural design not only promoted J-aggregation of H2-NPs, but also enhanced their spin-orbit coupling (SOC) through the external heavy-atom effect, thereby facilitating efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) from the singlet excited state (S
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