ArticleJournal of thoracic disease2026
Surgery versus radiotherapy after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in limited-stage small cell lung cancer.
Article in Journal of thoracic disease, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The role of surgery in limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) remains controversial and has traditionally been limited to early-stage disease. This study aimed to evaluate whether neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy (NIC) followed by surgery is associated with survival outcomes compared with definitive radiotherapy in patients with LS-SCLC. Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study of 64 patients with stage I-IIIB LS-SCLC who received NIC between April 2020 and July 2024. Patients subsequently underwent surgery (n=23) or definitive radiotherapy (n=41) based on multidisciplinary evaluation and patient preference. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared via log-rank tests. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was employed to identify independent predictors of PFS. Results: Baseline demographic, clinical, and tumor characteristics were generally comparable between groups. The objective response rate (ORR) to NIC was 91.3% in the surgery group and 85.4% in the radiotherapy group (P=0.70). Median OS was significantly longer in the surgery group (45 Conclusions: In this cohort, NIC followed by surgery was associated with improved survival outcomes compared with radiotherapy. These findings suggest that surgical consolidation after effective systemic induction is a viable strategy for selected patients with LS-SCLC, particularly those with intermediate disease burden, warranting further prospective validation.
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