ArticleFrontiers in dementia2026
The association of mood disorders and mild cognitive impairment with language performance in older adults: insights from a community healthcare setting.
Article in Frontiers in dementia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Mood disorders are frequent in memory clinic populations, but their association with language difficulties in the context of cognitive decline is not well understood. The study aimed to examine the association of cognitive decline and mood disorders with two aspects of language performance: verbal fluency and confrontation naming. Methods: A total of 183 participants were included in the study. Specifically, 92 individuals with a prior mood disorder diagnosis were categorized by cognitive status into two groups: 48 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 44 neurotypical adults. A random sample of 91 individuals (44 with MCI and 47 without MCI) formed the control group. Two regression models were tested for each variable: verbal fluency and naming. Model A included cognitive status, mood disorder diagnosis, and demographic variables, while Model B further incorporated the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) as a measure of depressive symptom severity. Two additional regression models, identical in predictor structure to Model A, were estimated for phonemic and semantic fluency. Results: The results indicate that cognitive decline was the strongest predictor of both verbal fluency and naming, with demographic factors influencing verbal fluency performance. Older age and lower education were associated with poorer performance. In separate models, cognitive status predicted both phonemic and semantic fluency, whereas mood disorder diagnosis was associated with phonemic but not category fluency. Depression severity did not independently predict either outcome. Discussion: These findings highlight the central role of cognitive status in driving language performance, including both naming and verbal fluency. In contrast, mood disorder diagnosis was selectively associated with phonemic fluency, which relies more on executive control. Current depressive symptom severity did not add explanatory value beyond diagnostic and demographic variables. Assessing these tasks separately may help clinicians distinguish mood-related cognitive difficulties from early cognitive decline.
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