ArticleAnnals of surgical treatment and research2026
Gray zone possibility in repeat Bethesda III cytology: a retrospective cohort study of malignancy and multifocality in thyroid nodules.
Article in Annals of surgical treatment and research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, developing in an average of 5%-7% of all nodules. In this study, we aimed to estimate the true risk, including multifocality and microcarcinomas, in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy after repeat Bethesda III cytology and in the other Bethesda groups. Methods: Three hundred patients participated in the study. Eighty-three (27.7%) of the patients were male and 217 (72.3%) were female. In the study, the diagnostic performances of the R-TIRADS (Revised Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System) classification used in the diagnosis of malignancy in thyroid nodules were compared with the Bethesda cytological classification. In order to compare the malignancy prediction powers, receiver operating characteristic curves were created for each system and area under the curve values were calculated. In all statistical analyses, a P-value below 0.05 was interpreted as statistically significant. A total of 150 cases (50.0%) with atypia of unknown significance (AUS) or follicular lesions of unknown significance (FLUS) were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Histopathology results were consistent with malignancy in 103 patients. Of these patients, 27 had multifocality (26.2%), 26 had microcarcinomas (25.2%), and 22 had both multifocality and microcarcinoma (21.3%). The majority of the carcinomas (46.6%) were seen to arise in AUS with cellular and nuclear atypias. Conclusion: Prevalence of Bethesda category III cytologies is significantly higher than reported. A high rate of multifocality and incidental microcarcinomas in the definitive histopathology reports shows that the Bethesda classification falls short in the accuracy of risk in AUS/FLUS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.