Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42305721›Full record

ArticleHealth affairs scholar2026

Racial and ethnic disparities in GLP-1 prescriptions among veterans with obesity across direct and community care settings.

Rebekah I Stein, Jessica Phelan, Austin B Frakt, Steven D Pizer, Melissa Garrido, E John Orav, Jose F Figueroa, Thomas C Tsai

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health affairs scholar, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Rebekah I SteinDepartment of Health Policy & Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0651-7170
Jessica PhelanDepartment of Health Policy & Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Austin B FraktDepartment of Health Policy & Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Steven D PizerPartnered Evidence-based Policy Resource Center, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4908-5976
Melissa GarridoPartnered Evidence-based Policy Resource Center, Boston VA Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-3536
E John OravDivision of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8886-7252
Jose F FigueroaDepartment of Health Policy & Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3811-257X
Thomas C TsaiDepartment of Health Policy & Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9183-016X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is an increasing chronic medical condition facing the veteran population. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1s) have emerged as an optimal treatment for obesity- and related-medical disorders. As the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) continues to expand community-based care purchased under the MISSION Act, it is unknown whether veterans receiving community-based primary care experience comparable access to GLP-1 prescriptions. Methods: In this national analysis of VHA data, we assessed differences in GLP-1 prescribing among veterans with overweight or obesity in VHA direct care compared with community care. Results: Veterans with 3 or more primary care visits receiving VHA-direct primary care had 1.2 percentage points (pp) higher adjusted probability of GLP-1 prescriptions (20% higher odds) than veterans receiving mostly community primary care. Black and Asian veterans had 1.8-pp and 2.2-pp lower probabilities of GLP-1 prescriptions (26% and 34% lower odds, respectively) compared with White counterparts across both settings. Conclusion: Researchers and policymakers should continue to monitor whether differences in care between the direct and community settings contribute to disparities in GLP-1 access.

Indexed as

community careracial disparitiesveterans health

Identifiers

PMID42305721
PMCPMC13268760

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.