Global, regional, and national burden of immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases: Insights from the GBD 2021 study.

Hanyi Zhang, Wanyao Liu, Yi Xiao, Zhongling Luo, Juan Su

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in iScience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Hanyi ZhangDepartment of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Wanyao LiuDepartment of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Yi XiaoDepartment of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Zhongling LuoDepartment of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Juan SuDepartment of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Hunan Engineering Research Center of Skin Health and Disease, Xiangya Clinical Research Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune-mediated inflammatory skin diseases (IMSDs), including atopic dermatitis (AD), psoriasis (Pso), acne vulgaris (AV), and alopecia areata (AA), impose substantial but uneven global burdens. Using Global Burden of Disease 2021 estimates, we quantified incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2021, assessed sociodemographic index (SDI)-related patterns, and projected trends to 2041 with ARIMA models. In 2021, these four IMSDs accounted for more than 220 million prevalent cases and over 14 million DALYs worldwide; AV contributed the largest incidence and prevalence burdens, whereas AD accounted for the greatest DALY burden. Age-standardized rates declined slightly for AD and AA but increased for Pso and AV. ASIR correlated positively with SDI for AD, Pso, and AA. Forecasts suggested modest increases for Pso and AV, relative stability for AA, and a slight decline for AD, highlighting disease-specific prevention and disability-burden priorities.

Indexed as

dermatologyhealth sciencesmedical specialtymedicinepublic health

Identifiers

PMID42305598

DOI10.1016/j.isci.2026.115731

PMCPMC13267664

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.