Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42305416›Full record

ArticlePain reports2026

Suppression of visceral nociception by C-fiber transmission block using temporal interference sinusoidal stimulation.

Longtu Chen, Shaopeng Zhang, Eric Woon, Jia Liu, Jaehyeon Ryu, Hsin Chen, Guoan Zheng, Hui Fang, Bin Feng

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Pain reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
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0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Longtu ChenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Shaopeng ZhangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Eric WoonDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Jia LiuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Jaehyeon RyuThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1397-5562
Hsin ChenBiopro Scientific Co., LLC, Hsinchu City, Taiwan.
Guoan ZhengDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Hui FangThayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
Bin FengDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-3663

Funding

SmartStim, a novel implantable neuromodulation system to cure chronic pain.R18EB037604 · NIBIB · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS · PI FENG, BIN · 2025 to 2025
$3.5M
Determining the topology and molecular profiles of nociceptive DRG neurons innervating distal colon and rectumU01NS113873 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS · PI FENG, BIN · 2019 to 2021
$2.0M
The Role of Lumbar Splanchnic Innervations in Visceral Nociception and PainR01DK120824 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT STORRS · PI FENG, BIN · 2019 to 2023
$2.0M
NIBIB NIH HHS R18 EB037604NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK120824NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS113873
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Managing chronic visceral pain is challenging due to the lack of selective targeting of C-fiber nociceptors. Prior work has shown that suprathreshold dorsal root ganglia (DRG) stimulation (10-100 Hz) suppresses hypersensitivity and blocks colorectal afferent transmission through activity-dependent conduction slowing. Objective: To investigate the feasibility of temporal interference stimulation (TIS) for visceral pain management in mice. Methods: Temporal interference stimulation was delivered using 2 kilohertz-range sinusoidal currents (2,000 and 2,020 Hz) to create a 20-Hz envelope stimulus at focal regions. We utilized: (1) GCaMP6s imaging to visualize neuronal activation in the L6 DRG; (2) Single-fiber recordings to assess axonal blockade; (3) Visceromotor response (VMR) measurements to evaluate pain suppression, and (4) Immune profiling to monitor post-stimulation responses. Results: Temporal interference stimulation provided spatially adjustable activation of DRG neurons by shifting the focal interference zone. Low-frequency sinusoidal stimulation selectively blocked conduction in C-fibers and Aδ-fibers while sparing fast-conducting A-fibers. Notably, TIS reversibly suppressed VMR in both healthy and visceral hypersensitive mice. Furthermore, no immediate immune responses were detected in the DRG after treatment. Conclusion: Temporal interference stimulation on lumbosacral DRG offers a selective, spatially tunable method to block nociceptive transmission. These findings establish a robust foundation for developing TIS-based neuromodulation paradigms as a translational approach for improved chronic visceral pain management.

Indexed as

Conduction blockDorsal root ganglionNeuromodulationSinusoidal stimulationTemporal interferenceVisceral pain

Identifiers

PMID42305416
PMCPMC13268456

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.