ArticleArchives of medical science : AMS2026
Exploring causality between peripheral blood B cell subtypes and membranous nephropathy: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
Article in Archives of medical science : AMS, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a glomerular autoimmune disease associated with nephrotic syndrome. This study explored the influence of peripheral blood B cell subtypes on MN using Mendelian randomization (MR). Material and methods: Data on single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with peripheral blood B cells and MN were obtained from a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Analytical methods included instrumental variable weighted (IVW), weighted median, weighted mode methods, and MR-Egger regression. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using MR-Egger, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) for outlier detection, Cochran's Q test for heterogeneity, and leave-one-out analysis to assess the robustness of the findings. Results: Higher levels of IgD+ CD24-B cell absolute count (OR = 0.8285, 95% CI: 0.7317-0.9381, Conclusions: This MR study supports the possibility of a genetic causal association between peripheral blood B cell subtypes and MN. The results improve our understanding of the immunological basis of MN and may inform the development of personalized medicine.
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