ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
The correlation between fine needle aspiration diagnosis and postoperative histopathological results of pediatric thyroid nodules based on the Bethesda system.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Pediatric thyroid nodules have higher malignancy rates than adult nodules, necessitating accurate diagnostic evaluation. This study evaluated the correlation between fine needle aspiration (FNA) results using the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) and postoperative histopathological findings in pediatric patients. Methods: This retrospective analysis included 696 pediatric patients who underwent ultrasound-guided FNA for thyroid nodules from 2017-2024. Cytological results were classified according to TBSRTC 2023 criteria and correlated with histopathological outcomes in 246 surgically resected cases. Molecular testing included Results: Among 246 operated patients, the overall ROM ranged from 32.76% (ROM-C) to 92.68% (ROM-H). ROM increased progressively across Bethesda categories: II (1.11%-27.27%), III (25.40%-66.67%), IV (22.22%-100%), V (74.70%-100%), and VI (82.39%-100%). Papillary thyroid carcinoma predominated (88.62%). Conclusion: The Bethesda system provides high diagnostic accuracy for definitive cytological categories in pediatric thyroid nodules. Even indeterminate categories carry elevated malignancy risk, supporting careful surgical consideration and the value of
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