SynthesisThe Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology2026
The Effectiveness of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Pain Relief During Outpatient Intrauterine Device Insertion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Effectiveness of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Pain Relief During Outpatient Intrauterine Device Insertion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Australian & New Zealand journal of obstetrics & gynaecology · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFear of procedural pain is a significant barrier to intrauterine device (IUD) uptake. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used in IUD insertion for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties; however, evidence for their effectiveness remains inconsistent.
aimsThis systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise current evidence regarding the effectiveness of NSAIDs for pain relief during outpatient IUD insertion. MATERIALS AND
methodsA search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL and Scopus was performed from inception to March 3, 2025. The search strategy was developed using the Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome (PICO) framework. Two reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data and assessed included studies for bias using the Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool. Trials comparing pain scores between NSAID and placebo were pooled in a meta-analysis.
resultsTwenty-two studies, published between 2006 and 2024, met inclusion criteria. Ibuprofen (n = 6) was most used, followed by diclofenac (n = 4) and naproxen (n = 4). NSAIDs were administered orally (n = 17), intramuscularly (n = 2) and rectally (n = 2), with route not specified in one study. A meta-analysis of fourteen studies comparing NSAID with placebo, with a total sample size of 3358, found a statistically significant reduction in pain scores (mean reduction 0.77, 95% CI -1.29, -0.25). Side effects and adverse events did not differ significantly between groups.
conclusionsOur review demonstrates an analgesic role for NSAIDs during IUD insertion, with a significant reduction in pain scores when compared to placebo. This evidence, limited by clinical and statistical heterogeneity, is of low certainty.
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