ArticleThe Journal of international medical research2026
Association of liver enzyme abnormalities and tobacco exposure with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion risk: A case-control study.
Article in The Journal of international medical research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
ObjectiveUnexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion is a multifactorial condition with an unclear etiology. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between liver function biomarkers and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and explore interactions with tobacco exposure and body mass index.MethodsA retrospective case-control study was conducted on 2126 pregnant women, including 602 with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and 1524 who served as controls. Liver enzyme indicators (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase) were assessed, and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to analyze their association with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Interaction analyses were performed to evaluate combined effects of liver enzyme abnormalities, tobacco exposure, and body mass index.ResultsLiver enzyme abnormalities (alanine aminotransferase level >32 U/L or aspartate aminotransferase level >28 U/L) were significantly associated with increased unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion risk (adjusted odds ratio = 2.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.68-2.76). A significant interaction between alanine aminotransferase elevation and tobacco exposure was observed
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