Techno-economic optimization and sensitivity analysis of a hybrid renewable microgrid for local market electrification in developing countries.

Diganto Biswas, Md Feroz Ali, Md Shafiul Alam, Obaidullah Obaidi, Mohammad Ali, Imil Hamda Imran

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

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6 authors.

Diganto BiswasDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Bangladesh.

Md Feroz AliDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Bangladesh. feroz071021@gmail.com.

Md Shafiul AlamDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia. shafiul@kfu.edu.sa.

Obaidullah ObaidiDepartment of Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kabul University, Kabul, 1006, Afghanistan. obaidullah.obaidi@ku.edu.af.

Mohammad AliDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.

Imil Hamda ImranDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

King Faisal University KFU262417

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Reliable electricity supply is essential for sustaining commercial activity in rural markets, yet energy planning studies in Bangladesh predominantly rely on residential load assumptions that inadequately represent market-specific demand patterns. This study presents a comprehensive techno-economic and environmental assessment of a grid-interactive hybrid renewable microgrid for local market electrification, using Nazipur Noor market as a case study. A realistic market-based load profile capturing pronounced daytime demand concentration, peak coincidence, and seasonal variability is developed. The proposed system integrates solar photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), biogas generation (BioGen), battery energy storage (BESS), and utility grid support, optimized using HOMER Pro with hourly resource and demand data. Among 1,056 simulated configurations, the optimal PV-WT-BioGen-BESS-Grid system achieves a net present cost (NPC) of USD 91,255.5 and cost of energy (COE) of USD 0.0167/kWh, with 90.97% renewable fraction while limiting grid purchases to 8.51%. Solar PV, wind, and biogas contribute 48.4%, 25.9%, and 17.2% of annual generation, respectively. The system reduces CO₂ emissions by 83.5% compared with grid-dependent scenarios. Sensitivity analyses identify wind speed, hub height, and electricity sellback rate as dominant performance factors. Results demonstrate renewable-rich microgrids offer cost-effective, scalable solutions for sustainable market electrification in Bangladesh and similar developing regions.

Indexed as

Hybrid renewable microgridMarket electrificationRural BangladeshSensitivity analysisTechno-economic optimization

Identifiers

PMID42304105

DOI10.1038/s41598-026-58196-5

PMCPMC13538700

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