Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42303796›Full record

ArticleNature neuroscience2026

Red-shifted GRAB acetylcholine sensors for multiplex imaging in vivo.

Shu Xie, Xiaolei Miao, Guochuan Li, Yu Zheng, Mengyao Li, En Ji, Jinxu Wang, Shaochuang Li, Ruyi Cai, Lan Geng and 3 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature neuroscience, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Spatiotemporally dynamic noradrenergic regulation of cortical networks.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Shu Xie *State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0007-4966-9708
Xiaolei Miao *State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4445-9262
Guochuan Li *State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-6837-9780
Yu ZhengState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-3930-4013
Mengyao LiState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
En JiState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8460-057X
Jinxu WangState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Shaochuang LiState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Ruyi CaiState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4674-4801
Lan GengState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Jiesi FengState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Changwei WeiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. changwei.wei@ccmu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-600X
Yulong LiState Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. yulongli@pku.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9166-9919

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 32525003National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82471214
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is essential in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Recent studies highlight the significance of interactions between ACh and various neuromodulators in regulating complex behaviors. The ability to simultaneously image ACh and other neuromodulators can provide valuable information regarding the mechanisms underlying these behaviors. Here we developed a series of red fluorescent G-protein-coupled receptor activation-based ACh sensors, with a wide detection range and expanded spectral profile. The high-affinity sensor rACh1h reliably detects ACh release in various brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, hippocampus and cortex. Moreover, rACh1h can be coexpressed with green fluorescent sensors to record ACh release together with other neurochemicals in various behavioral contexts using fiber photometry, mesoscopic imaging and two-photon imaging with high spatiotemporal resolution.

Indexed as

AcetylcholineBiosensing TechniquesBrainLuminescent ProteinsReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledAnimalsHumansMiceRed Fluorescent ProteinAcetylcholineLuminescent ProteinsReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledRed Fluorescent Protein

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.