Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42302394›Full record

Trial reportAmerican journal of hypertension2026

Blood pressure parameters and cognitive decline and dementia after stroke or transient ischemic attack: results from the PROGRESS trial.

Sultana Shajahan, Mark Woodward, Craig S Anderson, Cheryl Carcel, Linan Chen, Ruth Peters, Karin Rådholm, Stephen Harrap, John Chalmers, Katie Harris

Abstract readRandomized Controlled TrialMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in American journal of hypertension, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Sultana ShajahanThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7705-7449
Mark WoodwardThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-9800-5296
Craig S AndersonThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-7248-4863
Cheryl CarcelThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-8942-953X
Linan ChenThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-4926-0191
Ruth PetersThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-0148-3617
Karin RådholmThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-3120-0913
Stephen HarrapDepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2907-6714
John ChalmersThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-9931-0580
Katie HarrisThe George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-2444-2869

Funding

AstraZenecaAustralian National Health and Medical Research CouncilEmerging Leadership 1 APP2009726Health Research Council of New ZealandHeart Foundation VanguardMRF_NHMRCThe George Institute for Global HealthUniversity of New South Wales
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundBesides elevated mean systolic blood pressure (BP), BP variability, pulse pressure (PP), or mean arterial pressure (MAP) could be important targets for dementia prevention. This study investigated these associations in participants with stroke or transient ischemic attack from the Perindopril Protection Against Recurrent Stroke Study (PROGRESS) trial.

methodsBP parameters were calculated from measurements for 18 months on six occasions. Risk of cognitive decline according to Mini-Mental State Examination scores and/or adjudicated dementia outcomes per 1-standard deviation higher for each BP parameter was calculated using modified Poisson regression models with a log link. Subgroup analysis was conducted by mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline, sex, and stroke subtype.

resultsOf 5128 participants recruited between May 1995 and November 1997, 567 (11.1%) developed cognitive decline/dementia after 4 (median) years of follow-up until 2001. For systolic BP (SBP), higher mean, maximum, cumulative load, and last measure were associated with higher risk of cognitive decline/dementia, but mean conferred the highest risk (relative risk 1.18, 95% confidence intervals [CIs] 1.06-1.31). For diastolic BP, higher mean, maximum, variability, cumulative load, slope, and last measure were associated, while load showed the strongest association (1.23, 95% CI 1.12-1.36). Only the mean PP was associated (1.11, 95% CI 1.00-1.24). For MAP, MAP load showed the strongest association (1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.33). Systolic, diastolic, and MAP variability showed a higher risk in those without MCI.

conclusionsBesides mean SBP, higher variability, cumulative load, slope, and last measures of diastolic BP, PP, and MAP were associated with increased risk of cognitive decline/dementia. CLINICAL

trial registrationThis trial was not registered because enrollment began before July 1, 2005.

Indexed as

Blood PressureCognitionCognitive DysfunctionDementiaHypertensionIschemic Attack, TransientStrokeAgedAntihypertensive AgentsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPerindoprilRisk FactorsTime FactorsAntihypertensive AgentsPerindoprilblood pressurecognitive declinedementiapulse pressurestroke

Identifiers

PMID42302394
PMCPMC13473881

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.