Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42301526›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental geochemistry and health2026

Hydrogeochemical processes and water quality of the Aïn Taga Karst Spring, Tlemcen, Northwestern Algeria.

Sabrine Guettaia, Abderrezzak Boudjema, Abdessamed Derdour, Abdessalam Laoufi, Ashraf A Ahmed, Abdulrahman Seraj Almalki, Ahmed A Arafat, Sherif S M Ghoneim

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental geochemistry and health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Sabrine GuettaiaLaboratory N°25 Promotion of Water, Mineral and Soil Resources, Environmental Legislation and Technological Choices, University of Tlemcen, P.O. Box 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
Abderrezzak BoudjemaLaboratory N°25 Promotion of Water, Mineral and Soil Resources, Environmental Legislation and Technological Choices, University of Tlemcen, P.O. Box 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
Abdessamed DerdourArtificial Intelligence Laboratory for Mechanical and Civil Structures, and Soil, University Center of Naama, P.O. Box 66, 45000, Naama, Algeria. derdour@cuniv-naama.dz.
Abdessalam LaoufiLaboratory N°25 Promotion of Water, Mineral and Soil Resources, Environmental Legislation and Technological Choices, University of Tlemcen, P.O. Box 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
Ashraf A AhmedDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Brunel University of London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB83PH, UK. Ashraf.ahmed@brunel.ac.uk.
Abdulrahman Seraj AlmalkiCivil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Computing in Al-Qunfudhah, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia.
Ahmed A ArafatDepartment of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia.
Sherif S M GhoneimDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia. s.ghoneim@tu.edu.sa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study presents the first long-term hydrogeochemical monitoring (2014-2024) of the Aïn Taga karst spring, located in the Ghar Boumaâza karst system (northwestern Algeria). The analysis is based on 71 samples, examined for major ions, salinity, hardness and saturation indices, interpreted using Piper and Chadha diagrams, multivariate statistical methods (PCA, CAH) and mineral balance calculations. The results reveal a clear dominance of the Ca-Mg-HCO₃ facies (94.4% of the samples), indicating that carbonate dissolution mainly controls mineralization, with waters supersaturated with calcite and dolomite and a limited influence of evaporitic formations. A cubic polynomial model HCO₃⁻-Q highlights a nonlinear relationship between bicarbonate concentration and flow, characterized by high concentrations at low flow rates (prolonged residence times and strong water-rock interaction) and progressive dilution during high-water episodes, with very good predictive performance (R

Indexed as

Environmental MonitoringNatural SpringsWater QualityAlgeriaSalinityAïn Taga SpringAnthropogenic pollutionHydrogeochemicalKarst systemTlemcenVulnerability

Identifiers

PMID42301526
PMCPMC13272230

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.