Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42301361›Full record

ArticleMycopathologia2026

Candidemia Epidemiology and Antifungal Resistance in Critically-ill Patients During and After COVID-19 Pandemic: Comparison Between Two Hospitals in Greece and Türkiye.

Esma Eryılmaz Eren, Elias Iosifidis, Hafize Sav, Ilhami Celik, Eleni Mouloudi, Athina Pyrpasopoulou, Charalampos Zarras, Emmanuel Roilides

Abstract readComparative Study
In one paragraph

Article in Mycopathologia, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Esma Eryılmaz ErenDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, 38080, Kayseri, Türkiye. esmaereneryilmaz@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2712-9694
Elias Iosifidis3Rd Department of Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9881-451X
Hafize SavDepartment of Mycology, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, 38080, Kayseri, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8435-396X
Ilhami CelikDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital, 38080, Kayseri, Türkiye.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2604-3776
Eleni MouloudiIntensive Care Unit, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0079-2012
Athina Pyrpasopoulou2nd Department of Propedeutic Medicine and Infectious Diseases Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6906-2504
Charalampos ZarrasLaboratory of Microbiology, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8815-2495
Emmanuel Roilides3Rd Department of Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases Unit, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Hippokration General Hospital, 54642, Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0202-364X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCandidemia is a life-threatening invasive fungal infection, particularly in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Epidemiology of candidemia and antifungal resistance have been significantly affected in COVID-19 pandemic.

methodsWe analysed candidemia cases in neonatal, paediatric, and adult ICUs at Hippokration General Hospital in Thessaloniki, Greece (site 1) and Kayseri City Training and Research Hospital in Kayseri, Türkiye (site 2) from January 2020 to December 2023. Epidemiology, species distribution, and antifungal susceptibility of cases were compared.

resultsA total of 388 patients from site 1 and 379 patients from site 2 were included. A significant increase in the incidence of candidemia was observed in both hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Candida parapsilosis was the most common species in all ICUs at Site 1, while Candida albicans was predominant at Site 2. C. parapsilosis became the most frequent species at Site 2 after 2021. C. glabrata was isolated more frequently in Site 1, whereas C. tropicalis was more frequently isolated in Site 2. A total of 14 C. auris strains were isolated, 13 of which were at the site 1. Over 90% of C. albicans strains were fluconazole-sensitive, but resistance was high in C. parapsilosis strains (47% at the site 1 and 40% at the site 2).

conclusionC. parapsilosis and C. albicans remained the most common species, but their distributions varied between the two locations and over time. The high fluconazole resistance in C. parapsilosis causes a significant challenge for treatment. These findings highlight the necessity of continuous epidemiological surveillance to ensure appropriate antifungal treatment in different geographical regions.

Indexed as

Antifungal AgentsCandidaCandidemiaCOVID-19Drug Resistance, FungalAdultAgedCandida aurisChildChild, PreschoolCritical IllnessFemaleGreeceHumansIncidenceInfantAntifungal AgentsAntifungal resistanceCandida speciesCandidemiaEpidemiologyIntensive care unit

Identifiers

PMID42301361
PMCPMC13272522

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.