Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42299863›Full record

ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2026

Cow Milk Risk Factors Associated With Bacterial Contaminations Along Dairy Value Chain in Lushoto and Handeni Districts, Tanzania.

Fortunate Shija, Hezron Emmanuel Nonga

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Fortunate ShijaKilimanjaro Centre for Community Ophthalmology, Good Samaritan Foundation, Moshi, Tanzania.
Hezron Emmanuel NongaDepartment of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7204-9001

Funding

Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development, Germany through the Safe Food, Fair Food project
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMilk and milk products are of high nutritional value but mishandling of any kind along the value chain leads to contaminations that shorten shelf life and pose public health threats.

objectivesTo assess the milk handling practices, bacterial contaminations and determine selected milk-borne zoonotic pathogens along the dairy value chain in 14 villages.

methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in Lushoto and Handeni districts whereby 93 randomly selected respondents constituting farmers, vendors and restaurants/kiosks were interviewed and subsequently 166 milk samples were collected for microbiological enumeration and ascertain contaminations by Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Brucella abortus using standard protocols. Chi-square (χ

resultsIt was established that milking and milk storage was done under unhygienic conditions. Up to 92.1% of farmers had no training on livestock husbandry and milk handling practices. Mean bacterial counts in milk ranged between 3.3 and 5.8 log

conclusionsLimited extension services, unhygienic practices along milk value chain contributed to high microbial contamination. Detection of B. abortus in milk is of public health significance due to its zoonotic potential. Therefore, the government and milk stakeholders should strengthen public and private livestock extension services for proper animal husbandry practices, improved milk value chain and control of zoonotic diseases.

Indexed as

Brucella abortusDairyingEscherichia coli O157Food HandlingFood MicrobiologyMilkAnimalsCattleCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleHumansRisk FactorsTanzaniamicrobial contaminationsmicrobial safetymilk‐borne bacteriamilk qualityunhygienic conditions

Identifiers

PMID42299863
PMCPMC13270394

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.