ArticlePrimary health care research & development2026
Referral and management patterns for paediatric otorrhoea across primary and secondary care: a multicentre retrospective cohort study.
Article in Primary health care research & development, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimTo determine the frequency and nature of referrals for children with acute or chronic otorrhoea from primary care to secondary care ENT services in the UK.
backgroundMiddle ear infections in children are common; if the ear drum bursts discharge leaks out (otorrhoea). This causes hearing loss during a critical developmental period. Managing these children in an appropriate time frame to prevent disease repercussions is vital. There is currently no evidence demonstrating referral patterns and management strategies across primary and secondary care services.
methodChildren with otorrhoea were identified amongst a cohort of 2,100 paediatric ENT (age 0-16 years) referrals from primary care at two secondary care hospital trusts in England in 2023. Chi-squared statistical analysis was performed to compare referral urgency for those with or without hearing loss.
findingsOf the paediatric ENT referrals, 228 (10.9%) had otorrhoea (mean age: 6.4 years, female:
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