Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42299689›Full record

ArticleJournal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society2026

Reductive Methylation: An Alternative to Lysine → Arginine Mutagenesis.

Oscar J Molina, Clair S Gutierrez, Jinyi Yang, Evans C Wralstad, Ronald T Raines

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Reductive Methylation: An Alternative to Lysine → Arginine Mutagenesis.Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Oscar J MolinaDepartment of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6271-5093
Clair S GutierrezDepartment of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-7223
Jinyi YangDepartment of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9694-1838
Evans C WralstadDepartment of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-7594
Ronald T RainesDepartment of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7164-1719

Funding

VIRUS PRODUCTION COREP30CA014051 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Jacqueline A. Lees · 1985 to 2026
$93.9M
Protein ChemistryR35GM148220 · NIGMS · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Ronald T Raines · 2023 to 2026
$2.2M
Graduate Research FellowshipNational Defense Science and Engineering Graduate FellowshipNCI NIH HHS P30 CA014051NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM148220
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Modification of lysine residues is a common strategy in protein engineering, whether to prevent posttranslational modifications, control bioconjugation, or improve crystallization. The standard genetic approach-replacement with arginine by site-directed mutagenesis-preserves positive charge but alters other physicochemical attributes and cannot address the N-terminal amino group. Here, we characterize reductive methylation as a chemical alternative. This reaction converts every primary amino group to a dimethylamino group rapidly under mild aqueous conditions. Using human ribonuclease 1 and a cytotoxic variant engineered to evade the endogenous ribonuclease inhibitor as model systems, we assess the effects of complete dimethylation on thermostability, enzymatic catalysis, protein-protein interaction, compatibility with bioconjugation, cellular uptake, and intracellular persistence. Dimethylation preserves thermostability and a protein-protein interaction. Enzymatic catalysis, in contrast, is reduced by 10

Indexed as

ArginineLysineRibonuclease, PancreaticHumansMethylationMutagenesisMutagenesis, Site-DirectedOxidation-ReductionProteolysis Targeting ChimeraArginineLysineProteolysis Targeting ChimeraRibonuclease, Pancreaticbioconjugationposttranslational modificationprotein–protein interactionprotein stabilityribonucleasetargeted protein degradation

Identifiers

PMID42299689
PMCPMC13270353

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.