ReviewCanadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie2026
Update on ADHD genetics: A practitioner's perspective: Mise à jour sur la génétique du TDAH : le point de vue d'un praticien.
Review in Canadian journal of psychiatry. Revue canadienne de psychiatrie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition characterized by early-onset inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. Affecting 5% to 10% of youth and persisting into adulthood in ∼6%, ADHD is frequently discussed in genetic terms by patients and their families, making it essential for clinicians to understand current genetic evidence.ObjectiveTo summarize contemporary genetic findings relevant to ADHD across the lifespan and provide practical guidance for clinicians on assessment, treatment, and psychoeducation.Scope and methodsThis focused narrative review integrates evidence from family and twin studies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), copy number variants (CNVs), polygenic risk scores (PRS), and Mendelian randomization (MR), as well as pharmacogenetics and studies of gene-environment interplay.FindingsADHD is highly heritable (∼70%), comparable to other major neuropsychiatric conditions. GWAS reveals that thousands of common variants collectively contribute to risk (i.e., polygenic), though each has a small effect. Rare CNVs are more frequent in ADHD than controls and overlap with CNVs in autism. Genetic findings implicate neurodevelopmental pathways expressed in early brain and frontal cortical circuits. ADHD genetic risk correlates with cognitive traits, risk-taking behaviours, and multiple psychiatric and physical health outcomes. Gene-environment correlations and interactions influence risk and course. Pharmacogenetic evidence supports
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