Prenatal ultrasound diagnosis of fetal cervicofacial lymphangioma: a case report.

Background: Prenatal diagnosis of fetal cervicofacial lymphangioma is rare, and the diagnosis of the disease can be achieved through prenatal ultrasound. Due to the significant variation in the nature of fetal neck masses, the diagnostic process is challenging in cases involving this location. Nevertheless, we have successfully reported one such case using conventional two-dimensional and three-dimensional sonography. Case Description: A 27-year-old woman underwent routine fetal ultrasound at 20 weeks of gestation. Conventional two-dimensional ultrasound revealed a mixed cystic-solid mass located in the fetal neck and face. Three-dimensional ultrasound with surface rendering clearly delineated the external protrusion of the mass demonstrating marked distortion and elevation of the facial and cervical contours. The prenatal imaging findings were consistent with a diagnosis of cervicofacial lymphangioma. Following termination of pregnancy, histopathological examination and immunohistochemical analysis of the post-abortion specimens further confirmed the diagnosis. Conclusions: Prenatal ultrasonography remains the primary modality for diagnosing fetal cervicofacial lymphangioma. The integration of three-dimensional ultrasound surface imaging enhances diagnostic accuracy by providing detailed morphological information, offering critical visual evidence to support the initial diagnosis. Chromosomal karyotyping and genetic testing serve as important adjuncts in the comprehensive prenatal evaluation. These assessments facilitate thorough counseling and enable timely clinical decision-making, which are essential for optimizing perinatal outcomes.