ArticleFrontiers in toxicology2026
Impact of liquid dosing and associated cell 'drowning' in a 3D human bronchial epithelial model used for protease exposure studies.
Article in Frontiers in toxicology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Human bronchial air-liquid interface responses to nebulised protease exposure.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: As part of a programme of work developing human-relevant New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for next-generation risk assessment (NGRA), use of a human air-liquid interface (ALI) bronchial epithelial model (MucilAir™) to investigate the impact of exposure to protease was assessed. Methods: To guide Results: Reduced transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), increased EV and IL-8 secretion were observed using a PBS control reflecting the impact of liquid dosing alone. No significant protease-related adverse effects were observed at concentrations of 0.5 μg protease protein/mL or lower when compared to the PBS control. At concentrations of 75 μg protease protein/mL or more, however, TEER was significantly reduced and mucin and tetraspanin expression on EVs was degraded. Discussion: Here, we show the impact of liquid dosing when investigating the effects of materials on bronchial epithelia, and challenges encountered when working with proteases. This work provides a foundation for developing
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