ArticleBMJ public health2026
Vision loss, disability and multimorbidity among older people in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in South India: the longitudinal eye health, ageing and disability study (LEADS) - study protocol.
Article in BMJ public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Vision impairment (VI), multimorbidity and disabilities are common among older populations. Although the prevalence of VI and its associations are frequently reported, the incidence and risk factors are not well documented in India. The Longitudinal Eye Health, Ageing and Disability Study (LEADS) aims to: (a) determine the prevalence, causes, risk factors and impact of VI; (b) explore the associations between VI and sociodemographic risk factors, systemic health conditions (multimorbidity), physical performance, hearing, depression, social connectedness and cognitive function; and (c) evaluate the impact of eye interventions such as cataract surgery and refractive correction (for distance and near) on these conditions. Additionally, (d) to assess the annual incidence of and risk factors for VI among older people in the community. Methods and analysis: Individuals aged ≥60 years are selected from seven districts across three regions in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in Southern India. A two-stage cluster random sampling method is used to enrol participants. Trained field investigators administered a set of questionnaires, including personal and sociodemographic information, ocular and systemic history, cognition, depression, hearing, falls and fear of falling. The Short Physical Performance Battery is used to assess physical performance. A comprehensive eye examination is conducted in makeshift clinics set up nearby. The examination included unaided and aided visual acuity for distance and near, using minimum logarithm of resolution charts, manual and auto refraction, slit lamp biomicroscopy and anterior and posterior segment imaging using a non-mydriatic fundus camera. The individuals will be examined at baseline (wave I) and then at a follow-up visit planned after 18-24 months (wave II).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.